Thrush

Candida occurs naturally in the body, especially in warm, moist areas such as the mouth and genitals. It normally doesn't cause any problems because it is kept under control by the immune system and other bacteria in the body. However, some factors can cause the fungus to multiply (grow), leading to infection.

Thrush infections usually appear in the mouth (oral Thrush) or genitals. Candida is most commonly found in the vagina, making Thrush more likely to develop in women. Most women will have Thrush at least once during their lives, and many will have more than one episode. However, the infection can also appear in men, too. Men with a foreskin are more likely to get Thrush because the warmth and moisture underneath encourages the fungus to grow.

Thrush isn't a sexually transmitted infection (STI) because many people already have a small amount of it in their bodies. According to health authorities it is actually more common in men who are not sexually active. The infection can, however, be passed on through sex.

Yeast loves a warm, moist environment with low acidity and a good supply of sugar. Any change in the pH balance can create an ideal breeding ground for Candida. Perfumed soaps, vaginal deodorants, douches, disinfectants and scented bubble baths could all affect the pH balance.

If you are taking or have just finished a course of antibiotics this could also leave you at risk. Antibiotics kill all bacteria in the body including the friendly bacteria that keeps Candida under control.

Diet may have an impact on Thrush. Some practitioners believe sugar, dairy products, coffee, tea and wine contribute to Thrush by increasing urinary sugar.

Women with diabetes are more likely to get Thrush than are women who do not have diabetes. This is because diabetes increases blood sugar levels.

People with dentures and very young babies can be at risk from oral Thrush.

• soreness, redness and itching around the vulva (lips of the vagina), the vagina and anus
• thick, white discharge from the vagina that smells of yeast
• pain during sex
• pain passing urine

• burning, itching, redness and red patches under the foreskin or on the tip of the penis
• thick, cheesy discharge under the foreskin
• problems pulling back the foreskin

There is also a range of alternative or complementary treatments for Thrush. Not all of these treatments are supported by research, but many women find them useful. Complementary treatments tend to be most effective when used as soon as you begin to notice the symptoms of Thrush.

Thrush can easily be confused with other infections such as Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), so, although it may be tempting to self-diagnose, it is advisable to have a professional diagnosis. If you are pregnant, have never had Thrush before, or if you have reoccurring bouts, it is especially important to get an accurate diagnosis.

Your GP should be able to give you a diagnosis, but you can also go to a Genito-Urinary Medicine clinic (GUM), Family Planning or Well-Woman clinic. Diagnosis is straightforward and can be confirmed by taking a swab from the vagina.